GREAT DISORDERS, FORM, AND WEIGHT
Form a normal placenta is flat and round. 15-20 cm diameter and 1.5 to 3 cm thick. Placenta at term pregnancies weighs heavily 1/6x child or ± 500 grams.
The placenta is large and heavy once found in erythroblastosis, syphilis, and kidney disease.
Various kinds of placenta, namely:
1. Fenestrate the placenta, the placenta is perforated in the middle.
2. Bilobata placenta, the placenta is composed of two lobby.
1. Fenestrate the placenta, the placenta is perforated in the middle.
2. Bilobata placenta, the placenta is composed of two lobby.
3. Suksenturiata placenta, in addition to the placenta, there are additional small placenta which connect with the actual placenta by blood vessels, the incidence of 3%. This incident is important because these additional placenta may be left on the release of the placenta and menebabkan bleeding.We can find additional placenta left behind by carefully examining the fetal membranes. If there are holes in the membrane near the edge of the placenta, and on the edge of this hole there are blood vessels are torn then the placenta should be additional alleged.
4. Membranasea placenta, placental width and a thin covering almost the entire surface of the chorion. Apparently the blood of so well that tuft-tuft decidua chorion in kapsularis not die but grow steadily.Membranasea placenta can cause antepartum haemorrhage and the difficulties the third stage because the placenta is thin it is difficult regardless.
5. Sirkumvalata placenta, the fetal surface near the edge of the placenta there is a white ring. White ring marks the edge of the placenta, while the outer adjacent tissue consists of villi that arise laterally beneath the decidua, so instead of villus stake.
4. Membranasea placenta, placental width and a thin covering almost the entire surface of the chorion. Apparently the blood of so well that tuft-tuft decidua chorion in kapsularis not die but grow steadily.Membranasea placenta can cause antepartum haemorrhage and the difficulties the third stage because the placenta is thin it is difficult regardless.
5. Sirkumvalata placenta, the fetal surface near the edge of the placenta there is a white ring. White ring marks the edge of the placenta, while the outer adjacent tissue consists of villi that arise laterally beneath the decidua, so instead of villus stake.
Alleged that the chorion frondosum too small and to make ends meet, the villi invade the decidua into the outside surface of the chorion frondosum.
Is placenta sirkumvalata menibulkan clinical symptoms, is unclear. According to some investigators it may cause bleeding and abortion.
Is placenta sirkumvalata menibulkan clinical symptoms, is unclear. According to some investigators it may cause bleeding and abortion.
INSERTION PLACENTA DISORDERS
The placenta is usually attached to the rear or the front wall of the uterus near the fundus. Tuft-tuft invade into the uterine wall until the top of startum kelapisan spongiosum.
If a low placental implantation, ie the lower uterine segment and cover part or all of the ostium internum, the placenta is called placenta praevia (prae = before; vias = path; means in front of or blocking the birth canal birth canal).
When the tuft-tuft chorion invade the uterine wall deeper than necessary, the placenta called placenta accreta.
According to the raid inside wall of the uterus by placenta accreta tuft tuft-divided into:
1. Placenta accreta, tuft penetrates desiduasampai associated with the myometrium.
2. Placenta increta, jonjot0jonjot up into the layer of myometrium.
3. Placenta percreta, tuft-tuft penetrates the myometrium to reach perimetrium and sometimes also through perimetrium, and cause uterine rupture.
Placenta accreta is complete, the entire surface of the placenta is attached firmly to the uterine wall and there are some in some places it firmly attached to the uterine wall. Placenta accreta cause complications in the third stage because of the difficulty separated from the uterine wall.
Placenta accreta should not be removed manually, as easily cause perforation. Common therapy is histeroktomi.
Placenta accreta should not be removed manually, as easily cause perforation. Common therapy is histeroktomi.
DISEASES PLACENTA
1. White infarcts of the placenta, are parts paler than the surface of the maternal placenta. Infarction is caused by the generation of trophoblast (fibrinoid degeneration).
2. Red infarcts, because syncytium degenerates and then break away, villus tissue is directly related to the blood to arise in this place of blood clotting. Infarction is eventually turn white due to reorganization.
3. Krista placenta, sometimes there are Krista fetal placental surface. It contained clear fluid sometimes yellow or reddish. Krista is due to melting of the chorion.
4. Tumors of the placenta, placental type tumors is korioangioma, molahidatidosa, and choriocarcinoma.
Korioangioma placenta consists of flakes of blood vessels of the chorion. Yellow brown color and consistency like liver tissue. In katakana that korioangioma can cause hydramnios due to pressure on surrounding tissues.
Hydatidiform mole and choriocarcinoma has been discussed in the book discussed in Gynecology.
5. Inflammation of the placenta, can occur because the course of infection decidua, such as gonococcal or other germs, inflammation of the placenta may also occur in long parturition.
6. Perkapuran placenta, the maternal surface sometimes there are places that have perkapuran.
7. Edema of the placenta, and fetal hydrops occurs in the circulatory disturbances in the umbilical cord.
DYSFUNCTION PLACENTA
If plasentakurang good omen that harm fetuses, neonates, or negatively affect the physical or mental growth of children in days to come, we use the term placental dysfunction.
The symptoms of placental dysfunction :
1. Placental weight of less than 500 grams of a low index of placental stillbirth add events and physiological distress (fetal distress). Also form macroscopic and microscopic unusual (infarct) can lead to placental dysfunction.
2. Less enlarged uterus, maternal weight down, especially if accompanied by symptoms of fetal distress. Decreased levels of oestriol.
3. This can be determined by quantitative measurements or indirectly by examination, for example by testing ferm (leaf spikes).
4. Childbirth is also a test to determine the placental physiology reserves with respect to child during childbirth BJ.
1. Placental weight of less than 500 grams of a low index of placental stillbirth add events and physiological distress (fetal distress). Also form macroscopic and microscopic unusual (infarct) can lead to placental dysfunction.
2. Less enlarged uterus, maternal weight down, especially if accompanied by symptoms of fetal distress. Decreased levels of oestriol.
3. This can be determined by quantitative measurements or indirectly by examination, for example by testing ferm (leaf spikes).
4. Childbirth is also a test to determine the placental physiology reserves with respect to child during childbirth BJ.
DISORDERS MEMBRANE
Membrane Rupture In Pregnancy
Membrane Rupture In Pregnancy
Fetal membranes can be torn in pregnancy because:
1. Spontaneous membrane caused by a weak or poorly protected because of the open cervix (incompetent cervix).
2. Trauma resulting from falls, coitus, or tools.
2. Trauma resulting from falls, coitus, or tools.
Symptoms :
1. Amniotic fluid flowing out, the uterus is smaller and in accordance with the parents of pregnancy, as well as harder consistency.
2. Usually occurs childbirth.
3. Discharge from the birth canal is called hydrorrhoea amniotica.
To determine whether the fluid is out, really determined amniotic fluid pH, for example with litmus or nitrazin.
2. Usually occurs childbirth.
3. Discharge from the birth canal is called hydrorrhoea amniotica.
To determine whether the fluid is out, really determined amniotic fluid pH, for example with litmus or nitrazin.
therapy :
1. If the pregnancy is carried full term induction.
2. If children try to preterm pregnancy can continue, for example by giving rest and progesterone.
3. If pregnancy is still very young (under 28 weeks) conducted induction.
4. Sometimes a tear in the lining of the pregnancy is still very young, for example in the first weeks of pregnancy.
In this case, the child grows out of his pocket and ekstrakorial. With the following symptoms:
a. Hydrorrhoea amniotica, often mixed with blood.
b. Small uterus.
c. The movement of the child pain.
d. Audible heart sounds quickly (fetal phase).
e. Because there was no water, congenital defects can occur.
2. If children try to preterm pregnancy can continue, for example by giving rest and progesterone.
3. If pregnancy is still very young (under 28 weeks) conducted induction.
4. Sometimes a tear in the lining of the pregnancy is still very young, for example in the first weeks of pregnancy.
In this case, the child grows out of his pocket and ekstrakorial. With the following symptoms:
a. Hydrorrhoea amniotica, often mixed with blood.
b. Small uterus.
c. The movement of the child pain.
d. Audible heart sounds quickly (fetal phase).
e. Because there was no water, congenital defects can occur.
There are times when the pregnancy is a very young is just a torn amnion, chorion remains intact while it is happening ekstraamnial pregnancy. This usually occurs because the separation of the amnion with the surface of the child less than perfect in some places until the amnion remains attached to the skin. Because amniotic fluid is increased, these adhesions and there stretched threads or yarn simonart amnion.
Amnion is not the same in the stretch to easily torn, and the children out of the amniotic space. Yarn-benag amnion may cause intrauterine amputations of limbs. Another is amnionitis amniotic disease, cysts amnion, and amnion nodosa.
ROPE DISORDERS CENTER
Insertion Rope Disorders Center
Normal umbilical cord insertion of the placenta is slightly beyond the midpoint, which called insertion parasentral or more out a little closer is the insertion of the lateral edge of the placenta. Proper insertion at the edge of the placenta called the marginal insertion.
Insertion of the above has no clinical significance. Velamentosa insertion is the insertion of the umbilical cord in fetal membranes. Insertion velamentosa often present in multiple pregnancy. On insertion of the umbilical cord velamentosa connect with placenta by blood vessels that run in the fetal membranes. If these blood vessels running in the area internum cervix, called vasa previa.
Vasa praevia is harmful to children because of rupture of vasa praevia time can rupture and cause bleeding from the child. The symptoms are bleeding immediately after rupture of membranes and since the bleeding is coming from the child. With the rapid heart sound becomes bad boy.
Insertion Rope Disorders Center
Normal umbilical cord insertion of the placenta is slightly beyond the midpoint, which called insertion parasentral or more out a little closer is the insertion of the lateral edge of the placenta. Proper insertion at the edge of the placenta called the marginal insertion.
Insertion of the above has no clinical significance. Velamentosa insertion is the insertion of the umbilical cord in fetal membranes. Insertion velamentosa often present in multiple pregnancy. On insertion of the umbilical cord velamentosa connect with placenta by blood vessels that run in the fetal membranes. If these blood vessels running in the area internum cervix, called vasa previa.
Vasa praevia is harmful to children because of rupture of vasa praevia time can rupture and cause bleeding from the child. The symptoms are bleeding immediately after rupture of membranes and since the bleeding is coming from the child. With the rapid heart sound becomes bad boy.
LONG ROPE DISORDERS CENTER
The average length of the center is 55 cm, but the boundaries between 0.5 cm and 108 cm.
Short Cord
Sometimes in such a short umbilical cord until the placenta is associated with the child's abdomen, in this case is always accompanied by umbilical hernia.
The umbilical cord should be longer than 20-35 cm to allow the birth of the child, depending on whether the placenta terletakdi below or above. Umbilical cord can be shortened due to absolute size is less absolute, but may also be relatively short, meaning long enough, but becomes shorter because of the coil cord.
The umbilical cord is too short can cause an umbilical hernia, solusio placenta, labor does not progress in spending time and since the umbilical cord might be interested in the sound of a bad heart, and inversio uteri.
Umbilical Cord Too Long
Facilitate the winding umbilical cord, umbilical cord and knot menumbung true.
Knot the cord there are two kinds, namely:
1. Knots are false. The part that protrudes from the umbilical cord knot that resembles it in form by the accumulation of Wharton jelly or variks from the umbilical vein.
2. The correct node. Usually have no clinical significance, but sometimes can be interested in such a knot close to causing the death of the fetus.
This is most likely in time expenditure.
Umbilical Cord winding
Usually found on the child's neck. Winding the cord causes the cord to be relatively short and may also lead to the location of the deflection. After birth the child's head, the coil needs to be freed through the head or the scissors between the two Kocher.
Facilitate the winding umbilical cord, umbilical cord and knot menumbung true.
Knot the cord there are two kinds, namely:
1. Knots are false. The part that protrudes from the umbilical cord knot that resembles it in form by the accumulation of Wharton jelly or variks from the umbilical vein.
2. The correct node. Usually have no clinical significance, but sometimes can be interested in such a knot close to causing the death of the fetus.
This is most likely in time expenditure.
Umbilical Cord winding
Usually found on the child's neck. Winding the cord causes the cord to be relatively short and may also lead to the location of the deflection. After birth the child's head, the coil needs to be freed through the head or the scissors between the two Kocher.
Leading Umbilical Cord and Cord Menumbung
It is said that the umbilical cord menumbung if palpable cord in addition to or lower than at the front, while the membranes are pecah.apabila palpable cord within the amniotic fluid, umbilical cord called termuka.
Umbilical cord and umbilical cord menumbung termuka cause complications in childbirth.
It is said that the umbilical cord menumbung if palpable cord in addition to or lower than at the front, while the membranes are pecah.apabila palpable cord within the amniotic fluid, umbilical cord called termuka.
Umbilical cord and umbilical cord menumbung termuka cause complications in childbirth.
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